K2C6 – The Key features of effective communication and why it is important to model this when interacting with adults and children.

Communication Cycle:

1. Sender, will send the messages.
2. Medium, how you send the message.
3. Receiver, process and understanding message.
4. Feedback, reply.

Two way cycle.

Good communication is central to working with children and parents/carers. It involves listening, questioning, understanding and responding to what is being communicated by children, young people and those who are caring for them.

It is important to be able to communicate on a one to one basis and in a group context. Communication is a two way process and is not just about the words you use, but also your manner of speaking, body language and the effectiveness of how you listen. To communicate effectively you must take into account the culture and context of the person, for example where English is an addition language.

Also being aware of different ways of communication for example electronic channels, and that some children, young people or parents/carers may not understand what is being communicated.

Verbal Communication:

• Speaking.
• Using your tone of voice.
• Expressions i.e. pauses, stresses on words.
• Whispering.
• Greeting.
• Group communication.
• Formal or informal meetings.
• Telephone conversations.
• Written communication (letters, e-mail, notes, information)
• Reading.

Non verbal communication:

• Eye contact and movement.
• Facial expressions i.e. frowning, smiling.
• Hand gestures and movements.
• Body language and posture.
• Head movements i.e. nodding.
• Sign language.
• Touching or closeness i.e. invading someone’s personal space.
• Appearance i.e. untidiness.
• Sounds i.e. laughing.

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K2D70 – How to meet the needs of all the children in your setting, including those with disabilities or special educational needs.

K2D76 – The requirement and importance of physical play and how to help children who have limited physical play opportunities.

K2D80 – The importance of regular physical activity and exercise to physical and mental health.

1. Why is physical play important?

1. • Healthy life style.
   • Knowledge and understanding of outside world.
   • Develops gross motor skills.
   • Develops hand to eye co-ordination.
   • Develops communication and language skills.
   • Helps in the development of their bones and muscles.
   • Encourages socialising and negotiations skills.
   • Encourages children to take risks and understand their own health and safety.
   • Fresh air.

1. List the different types of activities you can offer the children – indoor and outdoor activities.

1. • Dancing action songs and rhymes.
   • Water play indoor/outdoor.
   • Sand pit.
   • Climbing equipment.
   • Digging.
   • Bikes, carts etc.
   • Loft and Wendy house.
   • Cooking.
   • Arts and crafts such as painting, modelling and play dough.
   • Balls and bats.
   • Hoops.
   • Construction toys.
   • Tyres, crates and pipes.
   • Home corner and wooden boat.

Take two of the above activities and explain what they help develop?

Activity	Development
Indoor – Dancing action songs.	Body awareness. Hand to eye co-ordination. Communication. Eye to foot co-ordination. Balance and concentration.
Indoor – Water play.	Mathematics. Communication and language. Hand to eye co-ordination. Sharing and negotiation. Socialising.
Outside – Climbing.	Gross motor skills. Taking risks. Co-ordination and body awareness. Physical development.
Outside – Crates.	Gross motor skills. Sharing and socialising. Communication and language. Knowledge and understanding of the outside world.

1. How can you help children who have limited physical play opportunities?

1. • Making space more room.
   • Re-arrange furniture and room for activities.
   • Walks in surrounding area/community.
   • Working with other local schools and outside community to arrange access to playgrounds, parks etc.

1. How can you adapt these activities for children with additional needs?

1. • Encourage child to take part in everything that you offer be adaptable and flexible with the activity.
   • Take activity or equipment to child’s level.
   • Ensure that you are aware of the additional or special needs of said child.
   • Have appropriate space and equipment for child.
   • Depending on needs of the child have one to one carer.

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K2P57 – The professional structure of the sector and the opportunities for career progression.

Professional Structure of your Workplace.

What role does each person have in the workplace?

Head Teacher

• School’s financial management including all essential duties and financial controls are undertaken.  Managing and administering the School’s budget.
• Manages and provides leadership and direction including aims and targets established by the Governing body.
• Philosophy and curriculum of the school.
• Leading and managing of the School’s development plan.
• Formulates and implements School’s policies.
• Management of resources organisation and control of the school.
• Respond and implement promptly recommendations from audit/inspections.
• Responsible for maintenance of premises.
• Manage, monitor and review the range, quality, quantity and usage of all available resources within the school.
• Overall line management of all the staff including appraisals of staff, monitoring quality and standards of education.
• Responsible for links to outside agencies, other schools and the wider community.

Deputy Head

• Assist Head teacher with the leadership, philosophy and curriculum of the school.
• Deputise for Head teacher.
• Leading learning and teaching.
• Providing support and development of staff.

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K2H24 – Good hygiene practice: avoiding of cross infection, disposal of waste, food handling, handling body fluids, issues concerning spread of HIV and AIDS virus and hepatitis.

Good hygiene practice:-

• Always wash hands after using the toilet, changing nappies, handling animals or handling rubbish.
• Always wash hands before handling or eating food, do not share food and drinks or eating utensils.

Ensure that all children use soap, water and dry with a clean towel or a hand dryer.

Disposal of nappies, food and other soiled items:-

• Dispose of food waste and other refuse in covered lined bins.  Ensure all spillages are wiped up immediately.
• Ensure all bins are clear and clean, disinfected daily and removed from the premises.
• Keep all refuse bins covered at all times.
• Please keep all recycled refuse in separate and allocated bins as per council’s recycling requirements.
• All used nappies are bagged and sealed and put into the refuse bin straight away.

Stop injections; ensure that all coughs, sneezes or blow noses are into a tissue and that the tissue is disposed off correctly into a bin or flushed down the toilet.  Wash hands immediately after use.

Cuts and grazes; ensure that all adults/first aiders wear protective clothing (gloves).  Ensure all cuts and grazes are clean and have appropriate dressings.

Food Hygiene;

• Ensure all food is obtained from licensed sources.
• Cover all food property to stop the risk of contamination (never use food or drink that has any risk of being contaminated.)
• Do not use cracked or chipped crockery as germs may harbour within the cracks.
• Use separate knives and chopping boards for raw and cooked foods to prevent contamination.
• Do not handle food with bare hands, wear hairnet if necessary.
• Wash hands before and after handling food, or after using the toilet, sneezing or coughing.
• Avoid touching your nose, mouth, hair or eyes when handling food.
• Avoid coughing and sneezing.
• Disinfect and clean preparation area and dining area.
• Ensure food storage is correct, store cooked food away from uncooked, i.e. raw food stored at the bottom of the fridge.  Check that the fridge is at the correct temperature 03 centigrade.

Handling Animals;

• Ensure children wash hands after handling any animal.
• Do not let the animal lick their faces.
• Keep outside of the premises clean and clear of food scraps to limit the entering of wild animals.
• Check and clean outside area daily of animal faeces.
• Check areas where food refuse is stored for evidence of pest infestations, such as rodent droppings, cockroaches or stagnant water.
• Ensure all outside sandpits are covered daily to stop contamination.

Cleaning and maintenance;

• Clean and disinfect daily surfaces which have encounter more human contact i.e. door handles, staircase railings, tabletops and common areas.
• Clean and disinfect communal toys.
• Ensure all rooms are well ventilated.
• Clean and disinfect all cleaning materials immediately after use.
• Ensure correct equipment and procedures are used in conjunction with the Health and safety policy.
• Ensure correct mops are used to dispose of body fluids.  i.e. red mop for toilets and green for all other areas.

Following good hygiene practices will minimise the risk of infection from HIV or Hepatitis.  Persons can only become infected be direct contact with blood or bodily fluids through an open wound.

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K2M11 – Why it is important to reassure adults of the confidentially of shared information and the limits of this.

K2M12 – Organisational policy regarding information exchange.

All parents have the right to see all the information on their child or children but the school may have to break that confidentiality when safeguarding the child or children who may be vulnerable to forms of abuse.

The school holds yearly induction meetings and curriculum evenings, but understand that they always get a good ‘turn out’ but do not achieve 100% attendance. So it is very important to them to take this into account, by producing regular news letters informing parents of events to come and reflecting on those which have happened.

Again the school understands that not all parents like to receive information in this way and that sometimes letters are not read, therefore they give parents good notice, give information in two or more ways. Information is repeated and highlighted and is always clear and legible.

Communication over the phone if the child becomes ill, injured, or suspected case of bullying or usually distressed is dealt with in a professional, reassuring but straight to the facts manner.

Face to face communication is always offered either after the school day finishes or with a pre-arranged appointment. The school understands that when dealing with parents they need to be efficient, friendly, and have all the facts.

The school understands that they constantly have to work at the parent / school relationship, by appearing friendly, consistent, professional, good at listening and understanding the children’s and parent’s needs.

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